Heavy Water vs Hard Water – Composition, Applications and Pharmaceutical Relevance

heavy water, hard water, deuterium oxide

Imagine a chemist walking into a clean-room suite and topping up an NMR tube with what she thinks is heavy water only to discover, hours later, that the sample signals are drowned by mineral noise. That single mix-up can cost thousands of pounds in wasted instrument time and, more critically, corrupt an entire metabolic study. […]